DEFINITION
Diabetes Mellitus is also known as diabetes or blood sugar disease is a type of chronic disease characterized by elevated levels of sugar in the blood as a result of disturbances in the body's metabolic system, where the organ pancreas unable to produce insulin the body needs.
Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas which is responsible for controlling the amount / blood sugar levels and insulin is needed to change the (processed) carbohydrates, fats, and proteins into energy needed human body. The hormone insulin function lowers blood sugar levels.
SYMPTOMS
Early signs that can be seen that a person suffering from diabetes mellitus or diabetes, which is viewed directly from the effect of increased blood sugar levels, which increase blood sugar levels reach a value of 160-180 mg / dL and urine (urine) diabetic containing sugar (glucose), so the urine is often surrounded by ants.
People with diabetes generally show signs and symptoms below, although not all be experienced by the patient:
The amount of urine released more (Polyuria)
Often or quickly feel thirsty / thirst (Polydipsia)
Excessive hunger or eat a lot (Polyphagia)
Increased urinary frequency / urine kept (glycosuria)
Losing weight is not clear why
Tingling / numbness in the nerve endings in the palm of the hands and feet
Tired and weak all the time
Experiencing myopic vision suddenly
If the wound / etched (korengan) slow healing
Particularly susceptible to infection of the skin.
Conditions which drastically decreased sugar levels will quickly cause a person to become unconscious and even entered the stage of coma. Symptoms of diabetes can develop quickly from time to time in a matter of weeks or months, especially in a child who suffered from diabetes mellitus type 1.
Another case in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, they generally do not experience the above symptoms. Even they may not know has suffered from diabetes.
Diagnosis
Type of Diabetes Mellitus
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Type 1 diabetes is insulin-dependent diabetes where the body lacks the hormone insulin, known as Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM). This is due to the loss of insulin-producing beta cells in the islands of Langerhans of the pancreas. Type 1 diabetes is usually found in infants, children, and adolescents.
Until recently, the Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 can only be treated by administering insulin therapy performed continuously sustained. Family history, diet, and environmental factors, greatly influenced the treatment of type 1 diabetes. In patients with type 1 diebetes be considered controlling and monitoring blood sugar levels, you should use a blood sugar test. Especially in children or toddlers where they are very easy to become dehydrated, vomiting and often prone to various diseases.
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Type 2 diabetes is where the hormone insulin in the body can not function properly, known as Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM). This is because the various possibilities such as defects in insulin production, insulin resistance or reduced sensitivity (response) cells and tissues to insulin which is marked by rising levels of insulin in the blood.
There are several theories that express cause of insulin resistance, including obesity factors (obesity). In patients with type 2 diabetes, controlling blood sugar levels can be done with some measures such as diet, weight loss, and the provision of diabetic tablets. If the provision is not maximal response handling tablets in blood sugar levels, then injecting the drug began to be considered.
In the Blood Sugar Levels
Normal blood sugar levels ranged from 70-150 mg / dL {millimoles / liter (United Kingdom unit)} or 4-8 mmol / l {milligrams / deciliter (United State unit)}, where 1 mmol / l = 18 mg / dl.
Nevertheless, of course sugar levels increase after eating and decreased in the morning I wake up. Someone said to hyperglycemia when blood sugar levels well above normal values, whereas hypoglycemia is a condition where a person experiences a decrease in blood sugar values below normal.
Diagnosis of diabetes can be enforced if the results of the fasting blood sugar level reaches 126 mg / dl or even more, and check your blood sugar 2 hours after fasting (at least 8 hours) achieved a level of 180 mg / dl. While blood sugar checks are done at random (at times) can help diagnose diabetes if the blood sugar levels reach levels between 140 mg / dL and 200 mg / dL, even more so when above 200 mg / dl.
Many blood sugar test that traded today and can be purchased at many places selling medical equipment or pharmacies such as Accu-Chek, BCJ Group, Accurate, OneTouch UltraEasy machine. For patients diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus, it's good for them if they can afford to buy it.
TREATMENT
People with type 1 diabetes generally undergo therapeutic treatment of insulin (Lantus / Levemir, Humalog, Novolog or Apidra) is continuous, but it is by exercising moderation and controlling diet (diet).
In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, treatment and handling processes focused on lifestyle and physical activity. Controlling the blood sugar levels is the key to treatment programs, namely by reducing the weight, diet, and exercise. If this does not achieve the expected results, then the tablet drug delivery will be required. Even the co-administration of insulin injections required if the tablet does not address the control of blood sugar levels.
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