DEFINITION
Kidney disease is a disease in which kidney function has decreased until finally no longer able to work at all in terms of screening disposal of the body electrolytes, maintain fluid balance and body chemicals such as sodium and potassium in the blood or urine production.
Kidney disease can affect anyone who suffers serious illness or injury where it impacts directly on the kidney itself. Kidney disease is more often experienced by those aged adults, especially in the elderly.
CAUSE
The occurrence of renal failure caused by some serious illness suffered by the body which gradually affects the kidneys organ damage. As for some diseases that often affect kidney damage include:
Disease of high blood pressure (hypertension)
Diabetes Mellitus
Urinary tract obstruction (stones, tumors, narrowing / stricture)
Autoimmune disorders, such as systemic lupus erythematosus
Suffering from cancer (cancer)
Kidney disorders, where there is development of many cysts on the kidneys organ itself (polycystic kidney disease)
Damage to the kidneys filter cells either by infection or inflammation due to the impact of high blood pressure. Medical terms is referred to as glomerulonephritis.
As for other diseases that also can cause kidney failure if not quickly addressed, among others; a sudden a lot of fluid loss (vomiting, bleeding, burns), as well as other diseases such as pulmonary disease (TB), syphilis, malaria, hepatitis, preeclampsia, drugs, and amyloidosis.
Kidney disease develops slowly in the direction in which the kidneys are getting worse at all is no longer able to work as its function. In medicine there are two kinds of attacks to kidney failure, which is "acute kidney failure" and "chronic renal failure".
SYMPTOMS
The signs and symptoms of kidney failure experienced by patients in acute among others: swollen eyes, legs, severe flank pain (colic), urinary pain, fever, urinating less, red urine / blood, frequent urination. Abnormalities of urine: Protein, Blood / erythrocytes, White Blood Cells / leucocytes, bacteria.
While the signs and symptoms that may arise by the presence of chronic renal failure include: weakness, no energy, appetite, nausea, vomiting, swelling, decreased urination, itching, shortness of breath, pale / anemic. Abnormalities of urine: Protein, erythrocytes, leucocytes. Other laboratory abnormalities: blood creatinine increased, decreased Hb, Urine: protein is always positive.
Diagnosis
Ask a doctor after the patient's medical history and signs and symptoms, to determine the presence / occurrence of the failure of kidney function that he would perform a physical examination that focused on the possibility of kidney organ enlargement or swelling around the kidney. If the suspected occurrence of impaired renal function, then the patient will be consulted to a kidney specialist (nephrologist).
Further laboratory examination, either blood or urine in order to see electrolyte levels of sodium and potassium / potassium. In certain cases the medical team may perform the installation of a catheter tube into the urine bag (bladder), to remove the urine. When required, the medical team will advise shooting examination of kidney structures by the method of Ultrasound, Computed tomography (CT) scans or by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. There is even a possibility of action biopsy, namely sampling (sample) kidney tissue.
TREATMENT
Handling and treatment of kidney failure depends on the cause of the failure of kidney function itself. In essence, the goal of treatment is to control symptoms, minimize complications and slow the progression of the disease. For example, patients may need a diet low intake of sodium, potassium, protein and fluids. When a known cause is the impact of other diseases, your doctor will prescribe medicines or therapies, such as drug delivery for treatment of hypertension, anemia, or maybe high cholesterol.
Someone who experienced failure of kidney function should be monitored very entry (intake) and expenditure (output) of fluid, so that the actions and treatment assignment can be done well. In some serious cases, patients will be advised or given blood laundering actions {Haemodialisa (dialysis)}. Another possibility is the act of a kidney transplant or kidney transplant.
PREVENTION
We are in a state of "feeling well" at least expected to carry out investigation into the doctor / control / laboratory. As for those who otherwise suffered renal impairment, either mild or moderate, is expected to be cautious in consuming drugs such as rheumatic drugs, certain antibiotics and treated immediately if infected, avoid the lack of fluid (vomiting) and controls periodically.
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