The full name diabetes is diabetes mellitus which means "sugar honey". The term "diabetes mellitus" comes from the Greek word which if translated means "to flow through the pipe by atmospheric pressure" and the Latin language which can be translated as "sweet as honey".
Understanding of Greek and Latin correctly describe diabetes. Because the water pass through the body of people with diabetes as if flows through the urinary tract from the mouth and straight out of the body. Diabetisi urine (diabetes) it was sweet because it contains sugar. First, one test for diabetes is to pour the urine into the patient near the ant nest. If the insects that swarmed the urine, it indicates the presence of sugar. That's why diabetes is often referred to as diabetes.
What is Diabetes?
Every food we eat is converted into energy by the body. In the stomach and intestines, food is broken down into several basic elements, including one type of sugar called glucose. If there is sugar, the pancreas produces insulin, which helps drain the sugar into body cells. Then, the sugar can be well absorbed in the body and burned to produce energy.
Indonesia ranked fourth country with the largest number of diabetics in the world
When a person has diabetes the pancreas that person can not produce enough insulin to absorb sugar obtained from food. That which causes blood sugar levels become high due to deposition of sugar from food that can not be absorbed properly and burned into energy. Another cause is a defect of insulin or the body can not use insulin properly.
Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas, an organ next to the stomach. This hormone attaches itself to receptors that exist in the cell walls. Insulin receptors on duty to open the cell walls so that glucose enters the cell. Then the cells convert glucose into energy the body needs to perform the activity. In other words, insulin helps to channel glucose into cells to be converted into energy. If the amount of insulin is not enough, then the accumulation of sugar in the blood, causing diabetes.
The cause of diabetes or diabetes depending on the type of diabetes that affects. There are 2 types of diabetes are common and affects many people, such as diabetes type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The difference is that if type 1 diabetes due to pancreatic organ function can not produce insulin, whereas type 2 diabetes due to a lack of insulin because the pancreas is not able to function properly.
Type 1 Diabetes
Type 1 diabetes is often called Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus, or Diabetes Mellitus Insulin Dependent on that. So type 1 diabetes associated with the inability of the pancreas to make insulin. So this type of diabetes associated with damage or impaired function of the pancreas produce insulin.
Patients with type 1 diabetes mostly occurs in people under the age of 30 years. That is why the disease is often called juvenile diabetes because sufferers are more prevalent in children and adolescents. In type 1 diabetes, the pancreas can not produce enough insulin due to abnormalities of the body's immune system destroys cells that produce insulin or because of a viral infection so that the hormone insulin in the body decreases and the resulting pile of sugar in the bloodstream.
Causes of Type 1 Diabetes
In type 1 diabetes, the pancreas can not produce enough insulin. Due to lack of insulin causes the glucose stays in the bloodstream and can not be used as energy. Some causes of the pancreas can not produce enough insulin in people with type 1 diabetes, among others because:
Heredity or genetics. If one or both parents suffer from diabetes, then the child would be at risk of developing diabetes.
Autoimmunity is the body's allergic to one tissue or cell type itself-in this case, which exists in pancreas. The body loses its ability to form insulin because the immune system destroys cells that produce insulin.
Viruses or chemicals that cause damage to the islands of cells (cell groups) in the pancreas where insulin is made. More and more islands of damaged cells, the greater the likelihood of someone suffering from diabetes.
Type 1 Diabetes Treatment
Because of the difficulty pancreas produces insulin, the insulin should be added every day. Generally by means of insulin injections. Is it possible with oral care? Can not, because insulin can be destroyed in the stomach when inserted through the mouth.
Another way is to improve the work function of the pancreas. If the pancreas can return to normal functioning, the pancreas can meet the needs of insulin the body needs.
Diabetes Type 2
Type 2 diabetes often also called Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus, or Diabetes Mellitus Insulin Without Relying on. In contrast to diabetest type 1, type 2 on the problem is not because the pancreas does not make insulin because the insulin is made but not enough. Most of the inhaled insulin produced by fat cells due to lifestyle and diet is not good. While the pancreas can not make enough insulin to overcome insulin deficiency so that blood sugar levels will rise.
Type 2 diabetes is a type of diabetes that most suffered. Approximately 90% to 95% of diabetics suffer from type 2 diabetes. This type of diabetes most often affects adults over the age of 30 years and tends to get worse gradually.
Causes of Type 2 Diabetes
The cause of type 2 diabetes because of insulin produced by the pancreas is not sufficient to bind sugar in the blood due to diet or an unhealthy lifestyle. Some of the main causes of diabetes type 2 can be summarized as follows:
Heredity, if a parent or a sibling who experience it.
Diet or an unhealthy lifestyle. The number of fast-food outlets that serve fast food or fatty foods and unhealthy.
High cholesterol levels.
Rarely exercise.
Obesity or being overweight.
All causes of type 2 diabetes is generally due to an unhealthy lifestyle. This makes the metabolism in the body is not perfect that make insulin in the body can not function properly. The hormone insulin can be absorbed by the fats in the body. So diet and unhealthy living haya can make the body lacks insulin.
Type 2 Diabetes Treatment
Type 2 diabetes treatment is to force the work function of the pancreas so that it can produce more insulin. If the pancreas can produce insulin the body needs, then the blood sugar levels will decline as it can be converted into energy. In many cases, can be treated by taking a pill, at least initially, to stimulate the pancreas to produce more insulin. The pill itself is not insulin.
However tired pancreas can produce insulin when repeatedly forced. The best way to cope with type 2 diabetes is with a good diet to lose weight and sugar levels, accompanied by appropriate exercise.
Symptoms of Diabetes
Due to lack of insulin and has a high sugar content in blood, then some common symptoms for people with diabetes both type 1 and type 2. If you experience these symptoms, you should check to determine levels of blood sugar. In general, some of the symptoms that occur include:
Frequent urination
Often feel very thirsty
Often hungry because they do not get enough energy so the body's hunger signals
Losing weight suddenly though there was no attempt to lose weight. This is because when the body can not distribute the sugar into the cells, the body burns its own fat and protein for energy.
Often tingling in the feet or hands.
Experiencing problems such as itching or skin ulcers.
If injured, take longer to recover.
Behavioral changes such as irritability. The reason for type 1 diabetics often awakened at night to urinate that can not sleep well.
Easy to feel tired.
Are You Affected by Diabetes?
Although the symptoms had been able to show a person has diabetes, but the best way to ascertain whether you have diabetes or not is to perform checks. What can be done to find out if you have diabetes? Here are some alternatives you can do either in person or tests in the clinic.
How many sugar levels are normal?
Sugar levels after fasting:
Normal: below 100 mg / dl
Prediabetes: 100 - 126 mg / dl
Diabetes: above 126 mg / dl
Sugar levels 2 hours after meals:
Normal: below 140 mg / dl
Prediabetes: 140 - 200 mg / dl
Diabetes: above 200 mg / dl
Blood tests
Usually done in the laboratory, which tested the blood during fasting and postprandial. Before performing the test, you must fast for 12 hours. Normal sugar levels during fasting is below 100 mg / dl. After that, blood sampling will be done again 2 hours after meals, when the results are above 140 mg / dL may mean you have diabetes.
Urine Tests
Urine or urine albumin levels checked, sugar and mikroalbuminurea determines whether a person suffering from this disease or not. This test is also performed in the laboratory or clinic.
Glukometer
This test can be done at home if you have the tools. The trick is to put a needle on a finger to take blood samples. Then the blood sample is placed into the gap that is available on the machine glukometer. The results are not very accurate, but can be used to monitor glucose for patients in order if there are indications of high sugar can immediately check in the laboratory and contact a doctor. Glukometer latest tool is designed so easy to use and does not cause pain when taking a blood sample.
Dangers of Diabetes
Here are some of the serious dangers caused by diabetes.
Long-Term Complications
Diabetes can cause long-term complications such as heart attack, stroke, blindness due to glaucoma, kidney disease, and wounds can not heal until the infection and had to be amputated. Even the level of the most terrible was death. These complications are caused by blood vessel damage, nerve damage, and the inability of the body against infection. However, not all people with diabetes experience long-term problems are.
Hypoglycemia
Although it is not good when a high sugar content, but a patient with diabetes mellitus or diabetes may also suddenly experiencing extremely low blood sugar below the normal threshold is called hypoglycemia. It's also very dangerous because it can make sufferers shaky, sweaty, tired, hungry, irritable, or confused or fast heartbeat, blurred vision, headache, body numbness, or tingling around the mouth and lips. It could even seizures or blackouts. Often times, proper diet and regular meals can help prevent problems that. Consume glucose, such as fruit juice or glucose tablets, can raise blood sugar levels back to a safer level to other foods can be consumed.
Ketoacidosis
If glucose can not be processed properly by the body, then fat and protein in the body to be utilized by the body's energy. But when the body burns fat, it forms the combustion called ketones. Ketones accumulate in the blood and flows into the urine. Since the ketone is more acidic than healthy tissue, high levels of ketones in the blood can result in serious condition called ketoacidosis. Early symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis are thirst and frequent urination, nausea, vomiting, fatigue and abdominal pain (especially in children). Breathing becomes deep and rapid as the body attempts to repair the blood acidity. People with bad breath smell like the smell of acetone. Diabetic ketoacidosis could develop into a coma, sometimes within just a few hours.
Prevent and Control Diabetes
Given the dangers and complications that can be caused by diabetes, then avoid or control high blood sugar is the best way. How do I?
Lose weight. Fat in the body can absorb insulin.
Avoid fatty foods, cured or fried. Instead, choose foods that are high in fiber and glucose complex.
Reduce sugary foods or high calorie containing much glucose.
Drink plenty of water.
Exercise regularly.
Avoid stress.
Avoid alcohol or soft drink.
Avoid smoking. Diabetics who smoke are even more risky, because of their habit of damaging the heart and circulatory system, and the narrowing of blood vessels. A reference stating that 95 percent of diabetes-related amputations performed in smokers.
Taking medicine that the doctor recommended to lower blood sugar levels.
For patients with type 1 diabetes, insulin administration on a regular basis needs to be given through insulin therapy.
Cure for diabetes did not exist, but by controlling the sugar in the blood, one can avoid the danger of this disease. Changing diet and lifestyle for the better and more healthy should be run. People who suspect that he was suffering from diabetes should see a doctor who has experience in the prevention and treatment of diabetes.
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