DEFINITION
Asthma is a chronic disease that attacks the respiratory tract (bronchiale) in the lung where there is inflammation (inflammation) in the wall cavity bronchiale thus resulting in a narrowing of the airways that eventually someone is experiencing shortness of breath. Asthma is most prevalent in developed countries, especially the high levels of air pollution both from fumes and dust of the desert.
CAUSE
Until now the cause of asthma is not known with certainty despite having a lot of research by experts. Theory or hypothesis about the cause of a person suffering from asthma has not been agreed upon by experts in the health world.
However, that can be concluded is that in people with asthma, respiratory tract have distinctive properties that are highly sensitive to various stimuli (bronchial hyperreactivity = hipereaktivitas airways) such as air pollution (smoke, dust, chemicals), pollen, cold air, food , furry animals, mental stress, odor / aroma stinging (eg perfume), and sports.
In addition the occurrence of asthma attacks as a result of the impact the patient experienced an upper respiratory infection (ARI) either flu or sinisitis. Asthma attacks can also be experienced by some women during the menstrual cycle, but this is very rare.
Increased rates of asthma was associated with the presence of risk factors that support a person suffering from asthma, such as heredity. If a mother or father suffered from asthma, it is likely that the existence of people with asthma in the family members.
SYMPTOMS
The signs and symptoms of asthma include:
- Breathing sounds (wheezing / wheeze / asthma), especially when exhaling (exhalation). Not all asthmatics have respiratory sounds, and not everyone who terdegar breathing (wheezing) is an asthmatic.
- There is shortness of breath due to narrowing of the bronchi channel (bronchiale).
- Prolonged cough at night or in cold weather.
- The complaints of patients who experience chest narrow.
- Severe asthma attack caused people unable to speak because of the difficulty in regulating the breath.
At the age of the children, initial symptoms may include itching in the chest cavity or neck. During an asthma attack, a sense of excessive anxiety of patients can worsen the situation. As a reaction to anxiety, patients will also be spending a lot of sweat.
PREVENTION
Appropriate steps can be taken to avoid an asthma attack is away from the underlying factors that trigger asthma attacks itself. Each patient generally has its own characteristics to things that trigger her asthma attacks. Upon the occurrence of asthma attacks, if the patient had felt able to breathe freely but it is advisable to continue the treatment according to the drug and the dosage given by a physician.
HANDLING / TREATMENT
Asthma (asthma) has yet to be treated completely, this means that an asthma attack can occur at a later date. Handling and delivery of medicines to patients with asthma is an act of assault arising overcome which adjusted to the severity of signs and symptoms themselves. The basic principle is the treatment of asthma attacks by administering injections of either drug (hydrocortisone), syrup Ventolin (salbutamol) or nebulizer (gas salbutamol) to help loosen respiratory tract.
In mild cases where the perceived existence of a complaint that lead to the symptoms of asthma attacks or to prevent further attacks, the medical team or doctor will prescribe tablets as Aminophylin and Prednisolone. For people with asthma, it is recommended to them to provide / keep inhaled medications (Ventolin Inhaler) wherever they are located that can help loosen respiratory tract where they have the attack occurred.
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